Which innovation from the Sumerians contributed to advancements in astronomy?

The innovation from the Sumerians that significantly contributed to advancements in astronomy is mathematics. The Sumerians developed a base-60 numbering system, which laid the groundwork for advanced calculations and timekeeping. This system allowed them to create more accurate observations of celestial bodies and phenomena, facilitating the study of astronomy. They could track lunar cycles, predict celestial events, and develop calendars, all of which depended heavily on their mathematical understanding.

Their mathematical skills enabled them to construct astronomical tables and make predictions based on their observations, contributing significantly to the field of astronomy as we know it today. This foundational work allowed later civilizations to build upon Sumerian methods and continue the advancement of astronomical science.