What infrastructural development is associated with ancient Rome?

The selection of roads and plumbing as the correct answer reflects the substantial achievements of ancient Rome in infrastructure that significantly contributed to its urban development and the efficiency of its empire. Roman engineers are renowned for their advanced road construction techniques, creating a vast network of roads that facilitated trade, military movement, and communication across the empire. The famous phrase “All roads lead to Rome” captures the importance of these thoroughfares in connecting various regions.

In addition to roads, Romans made remarkable advancements in plumbing and sanitation systems, which included aqueducts for transporting water into cities and sophisticated sewage systems. These innovations promoted public health and improved the quality of life in urban areas, demonstrating a level of engineering skill that was unparalleled for its time.

In contrast, other options do not accurately represent ancient Roman infrastructure. Highways, while similar to roads, refer to more modern developments. Railroads were not invented until the 19th century, and airports are a product of the 20th century aviation advancements. Therefore, roads and plumbing distinctly characterize the infrastructural legacy of ancient Rome, making this the correct choice.