What characterized the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution is best characterized by a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production. This transformation began in the late 18th century and continued into the 19th century, fundamentally altering the way goods were produced. The introduction of machinery, such as the steam engine and power looms, led to the establishment of factories, which allowed for mass production and an efficiency that handcrafting could not match. This shift not only increased productivity but also drastically changed labor patterns, social structures, and even economies.

While it is true that there were changes in agricultural production during this time, the overall hallmark of the Industrial Revolution was the expansion and adoption of mechanized production processes. The emphasis on digital technology, which characterizes the late 20th and early 21st centuries, is not applicable to this period. Additionally, while there were political revolutions in Europe during this era, such as the French and American Revolutions, the defining aspect of the Industrial Revolution is its impact on industry and manufacturing rather than political upheaval. Thus, option B accurately encapsulates the essence of the Industrial Revolution.